🛩️Cloud Security Baseline for Azure DevOps
Last updated
Last updated
1. Identity and Access Management (IAM)
Use Azure Active Directory (AAD) Integration
Action: Integrate Azure DevOps with Azure Active Directory (AAD) for centralized identity management.
Recommendation: Ensure all users authenticate through AAD and enable single sign-on (SSO) for seamless and secure access.
Implement Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
Action: Define and assign roles based on the principle of least privilege.
Recommendation: Regularly review and update role assignments. Use built-in roles such as Project Contributors, Project Readers, and Project Administrators to manage permissions effectively.
Enable Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)
Action: Require MFA for all users accessing Azure DevOps.
Recommendation: Enforce MFA through AAD policies to protect against credential theft and unauthorized access.
2. Secure Repositories and Code
Enable Branch Policies
Action: Require code reviews and approvals before merging changes into main branches.
Recommendation: Use branch policies to enforce code reviews, build validations, and status checks.
Protect Branches
Action: Restrict who can push changes directly to critical branches.
Recommendation: Implement branch protection rules to ensure only authorized users can make changes to protected branches.
Use Secure Coding Practices
Action: Educate developers on secure coding practices and conduct regular code reviews to identify potential security vulnerabilities.
Recommendation: Integrate static code analysis tools to automatically scan code for vulnerabilities.
3. Secure Pipelines
Use Service Connections Securely
Action: Configure service connections with the least privilege required and secure them using AAD.
Recommendation: Rotate credentials and secrets used in service connections regularly.
Enable Pipeline Permissions
Action: Restrict who can create, modify, and run pipelines.
Recommendation: Use pipeline permissions to control access and ensure only authorized users can manage pipelines.
Secure Build and Release Agents
Action: Use Microsoft-hosted agents for better security and maintenance.
Recommendation: If using self-hosted agents, ensure they are secured, patched regularly, and run on isolated machines.
4. Secrets Management
Use Azure Key Vault
Action: Store sensitive information such as API keys, passwords, and certificates in Azure Key Vault.
Recommendation: Integrate Azure Key Vault with your pipelines to fetch secrets securely at runtime.
Avoid Hardcoding Secrets
Action: Ensure secrets or credentials are not hardcoded directly in your code or pipeline definitions.
Recommendation: Use variable groups and secure files in Azure DevOps to manage sensitive information securely.
5. Logging and Monitoring
Enable Auditing
Action: Track user activities, changes to configurations, and access attempts.
Recommendation: Enable Azure DevOps auditing to monitor and review activities for security and compliance.
Integrate with Monitoring Tools
Action: Use Azure Monitor, Log Analytics, and Security Center to collect and analyze logs from Azure DevOps.
Recommendation: Set up alerts for suspicious activities and potential security incidents.
6. Compliance and Governance
Implement Azure Policy
Action: Enforce compliance with organizational and regulatory requirements.
Recommendation: Use Azure Policy to govern Azure resources and ensure they adhere to security standards.
Regular Security Assessments
Action: Conduct regular security assessments and audits to identify and remediate vulnerabilities.
Recommendation: Use tools like Microsoft Defender for Cloud to perform security assessments and receive actionable recommendations.
7. Endpoint Security
Secure Development Workstations
Action: Ensure that all workstations used for accessing Azure DevOps are secured with antivirus and endpoint protection solutions.
Recommendation: Keep all development workstations up-to-date with the latest security patches and updates.
Use Secure Network Practices
Action: Ensure that network access to Azure DevOps is secure.
Recommendation: Use VPNs and firewalls to protect network traffic and restrict access based on IP address ranges.
8. Backup and Recovery
Regular Backups
Action: Regularly back up Azure DevOps repositories and critical configurations.
Recommendation: Use built-in backup options or third-party tools to ensure you can restore data in case of accidental deletion or data loss.
Disaster Recovery Plan
Action: Develop and test a disaster recovery plan for Azure DevOps.
Recommendation: Ensure that the plan includes steps for restoring repositories, pipelines, and configurations from backups.
Risk Event Categories
Identity and Access Management Risks
Code and Repository Risks
Pipeline and Deployment Risks
Secrets Management Risks
Logging and Monitoring Risks
Compliance and Governance Risks
Endpoint Security Risks
Backup and Recovery Risks
1. Identity and Access Management Risks
Risk Event: Unauthorized access to Azure DevOps environment
Vulnerability: Weak or compromised user credentials
Recommended Controls:
Control: Use Azure Active Directory (AAD) for authentication
Action: Integrate Azure DevOps with AAD to centralize identity management.
Control: Implement Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
Action: Assign roles based on the principle of least privilege.
Control: Enable Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)
Action: Require MFA for all users accessing Azure DevOps.
2. Code and Repository Risks
Risk Event: Unauthorized changes to code repositories
Vulnerability: Lack of branch protection and insufficient code review processes
Recommended Controls:
Control: Enable Branch Policies
Action: Require code reviews and approvals before merging changes.
Control: Protect Branches
Action: Restrict who can push changes directly to critical branches.
Risk Event: Exposure of sensitive information in code repositories
Vulnerability: Hardcoded secrets and credentials in code
Recommended Controls:
Control: Use Azure Key Vault
Action: Store sensitive information such as API keys and passwords securely.
Control: Avoid Hardcoding Secrets
Action: Use variable groups and secure files in Azure DevOps to manage secrets.
3. Pipeline and Deployment Risks
Risk Event: Compromised pipeline configurations and deployments
Vulnerability: Insecure service connections and agent pools
Recommended Controls:
Control: Use Service Connections Securely
Action: Configure service connections with the least privilege and rotate credentials regularly.
Control: Secure Build and Release Agents
Action: Use Microsoft-hosted agents or secure self-hosted agents.
Risk Event: Unauthorized pipeline execution
Vulnerability: Lack of access controls on pipelines
Recommended Controls:
Control: Enable Pipeline Permissions
Action: Restrict who can create, modify, and run pipelines.
4. Secrets Management Risks
Risk Event: Leakage of sensitive information from pipelines
Vulnerability: Insecure handling of secrets
Recommended Controls:
Control: Use Azure Key Vault
Action: Store and manage secrets securely.
Control: Secure Pipeline Variables
Action: Use secure files and variable groups for sensitive information.
5. Logging and Monitoring Risks
Risk Event: Undetected malicious activities and configuration changes
Vulnerability: Lack of auditing and monitoring
Recommended Controls:
Control: Enable Auditing
Action: Track and review user activities and changes.
Control: Integrate with Monitoring Tools
Action: Use Azure Monitor, Log Analytics, and Security Center for comprehensive monitoring.
6. Compliance and Governance Risks
Risk Event: Non-compliance with organizational and regulatory requirements
Vulnerability: Inconsistent application of security policies
Recommended Controls:
Control: Implement Azure Policy
Action: Enforce compliance with standards and regulations.
Control: Regular Security Assessments
Action: Conduct regular security assessments and audits.
7. Endpoint Security Risks
Risk Event: Compromise of development workstations and CI/CD runners
Vulnerability: Inadequate security measures on endpoints
Recommended Controls:
Control: Secure Development Workstations
Action: Use antivirus and endpoint protection solutions.
Control: Implement Secure Network Practices
Action: Use VPNs and firewalls to secure network access.
8. Backup and Recovery Risks
Risk Event: Data loss and inability to recover critical configurations
Vulnerability: Lack of regular backups and disaster recovery plans
Recommended Controls:
Control: Regular Backups
Action: Back up Azure DevOps repositories and configurations.
Control: Develop Disaster Recovery Plan
Action: Create and test a disaster recovery plan for Azure DevOps.
Cloud Minimum Security Baseline (CMSB) for Azure DevOps
1.1 Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)
Enforce MFA for all users accessing Azure DevOps.
1.2 Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
Assign users the minimum necessary permissions using Azure DevOps built-in roles.
Regularly review and audit access permissions.
1.3 Conditional Access Policies
Implement conditional access policies to enforce security conditions before granting access (e.g., require compliant devices, location-based restrictions).
2.1 Data Encryption
Ensure all data at rest and in transit is encrypted using industry-standard encryption protocols.
Use Azure DevOps-encrypted storage options for artifacts, pipelines, and other data.
2.2 Secure Repositories
Use repository-level permissions to control access.
Enable branch protection policies, such as requiring pull request reviews and restricting who can push directly to important branches (e.g., main or master).
3.1 Secure Network Configuration
Use private endpoints for Azure DevOps services where possible.
Implement network security groups (NSGs) and firewall rules to limit inbound and outbound traffic.
4.1 Enable Logging
Enable and configure diagnostic logging and monitoring for Azure DevOps activities.
Forward logs to a centralized log management system or Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) system.
4.2 Monitor for Anomalies
Set up alerts for unusual or suspicious activities, such as unexpected changes in permissions or access patterns.
5.1 Secure Development Lifecycle (SDL)
Integrate security practices into the development lifecycle, including static code analysis, dependency scanning, and secret management.
5.2 Automated Security Testing
Include security testing as part of the CI/CD pipeline (e.g., SAST, DAST, and container security scans).
5.3 Secure Pipelines
Use service connections securely by limiting access and using managed identities.
Implement approval gates for sensitive deployments.
6.1 Incident Response Plan
Develop and maintain an incident response plan specific to Azure DevOps.
Regularly test the incident response plan through tabletop exercises and simulations.
6.2 Quick Detection and Mitigation
Set up automated responses for common security incidents, such as revoking compromised credentials and isolating affected systems.
7.1 Compliance Requirements
Ensure Azure DevOps configurations comply with relevant industry standards and regulations (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA).
7.2 Policy Enforcement
Use Azure Policy to enforce organizational policies and standards across Azure DevOps projects and resources.
8.1 Security Training
Provide regular security training for developers, DevOps engineers, and other relevant staff.
Ensure staff are aware of the latest security threats and best practices.
9.1 Regular Backups
Implement regular backups for critical Azure DevOps data, including repositories, pipelines, and artifacts.
Test backup and restore procedures regularly to ensure data can be recovered in the event of a security incident.
10.1 Regular Audits and Assessments
Conduct regular security audits and assessments of the Azure DevOps environment.
Continuously improve security practices based on audit findings and evolving threat landscapes.